Surgeons at Belfast City Hospital fell just one short of the world record of six in 24 hours, held by a US hospital.
The first transplant began at 01:30 BST on Sunday 13 September and the last finished at 23:00 that evening.
The five people, aged between 41 and 56, were on long-term dialysis with end-stage kidney failure from a range of causes, including type 1 diabetes.
They are Audrius Orinas, from Dungannon in County Tyrone, Aidan Murtagh, from Newry in County Down, John Finnigan, from Cushendall in County Antrim, Fiona Anderson, from Garvagh in County Londonderry, and John McGinley, from Londonderry.